History of Latin American civilization : sources and interpretations.

Includes bibliographical references (v. 1, pages 545-555; v. 2, p. 662-672).

v. 1. The colonial experience.--v. 2. The modern age.

v. 1. The colonial experience. The transit of civilization. The Portuguese background. Portugal won an enormous empire with a ridiculously small number of men / Gilberto Freyre -- Brazil's Portuguese heritage should not be forgotten / Stuart B. Schwartz -- The Spanish background. Spain transmitted to America many of her medieval accomplishment / Luis Weckmann -- The new world was a place of wonder and enchantment populated with mysterious and bewildering people / Lewis Hanke -- Spaniards brought animals, fruits, vegetables, and all manner of plants / James A. Robertson -- The influence of the new world on the old. The impact of America on Europe was complex and uncertain / J. H. Elliott -- Was Inca rule tyrannical? Favorable assessments. How the Incas achieved so much / Pedro Cieza de Le on -- Spaniards corrupted an ideal Indian society / Mancio Sierra de Legu izamo -- "The Incas had attained to a high state of perfection. No thoughtful man can fail to admire so noble and provident a government" / Garcilaso de La Vega -- The Spanish justification for conquest. Viceroy Francisco de Toledo's attack on Inca Rule / Lewis Hanke -- A modern interpretation. The Incas combined the most absolute kind of despotism with the greatest tolerance toward the social and political order of its subject peoples / Alfred M etraux -- Relations between Indians and Spaniards. The first cry for justice in America. The sermons of Friar Antonio de Montesinos, 1511 -- Fundamental laws. The Requirement, 1513, a most remarkable document -- The Laws of Burgos, 1512 -- Francisco de Montejo receives authorization to conquer Yucatan / Robert S. Chamberlain -- The new laws, 1542 -- Royal ordinances on "pacification," 1573 -- The shock of conquest. The true history of the conquest of Mexico / Bernal Diaz del Castillo -- The grief of the conquered: "Broken spears lie in the roads" / Miguel Lion Portilla -- Francisco Pizarro and his men on the road to Cuzco, 1533 / John Hemming -- Indian women and Spanish men. The conquest of women / Magnus Morner -- would the Inca Princess marry a common Spanish Soldier? Maybe "Yes," maybe "No!" / Gonzalo Solis de Meras -- Interpretations. A seventeenth-century defense of Spanish treatment of the Indians -- Spanish exploitation of Indians in Central Mexico / Charles Gibson -- The dawn of conscience in America / Lewis Hanke -- Population questions. Why the Indian population declined. The disastrous effects of disease / Alfred W. Crosby -- Why so many Indians died in Mexico and what effects this had upon their life and upon the building of churches / George Kubler -- The five deadly epidemics in Mexico City, 1761-1813 / Donald B. Cooper -- The introduction of vaccination against smallpox to Spanish American / S.F. Cook -- Population estimates. Why population estimates are important in the interpretation of Mexican history / Woodrow Borah and Sherburne F. Cook -- Special problems. The geographic distribution of the Negroes / Wilbur Zelinsky -- The population of Brazil / Dauril Alden -- The Crises of seventeenth-century Brazil. The "Babylonian Captivity". Brazil under Spanish rule, 1580-1640 / Stuart B. Schwartz -- The Dutch in Brazil. The humanist Prince Johan Maurits in Recife, 1637-1644 / C.R. Boxer -- The Negro threat. Palmares: an African threat in Brazil / R.K. Kent -- Indian problems. Sermon condemning Indian slavery, 1653; report on the conversion of the Nheengaibas, letter to Alfonso VI, 1659 / Antonio Vieira -- The Indian policy of Portugal in America / Mathias C. Kiemen -- Urban life. Patterns of settlement. Spanish Royal ordinances for the laying out of new towns, 1573 -- Colonial towns of Spanish and Portuguese America / Robert C. Smith -- The Peruvian city of the Sixteenth Century / Ralph A. Gakenheimer -- The texture of urban life. The aptitude of Mexican Indians for urban life / George Kubler -- Burial of an Archbishop-Viceroy in Mexico City / Hubert Howe Bancroft -- Riots in seventeenth-century Mexico City / Chester Lyle Guthrie -- The Imperial City of Potosi, Boom Town Supreme / Lewis Hanke -- St. Augustine, outpost of Empire / John J. TePaske -- The Bay of All Saints / Charles R. Boxer -- The inquisition. The inquisitors and the Indians. Jurisdictional confusion / Richard E. Greenleaf -- Fray Diego de Landa and the problem of idolatry in Yucatan / France V. Scholes and Ralph L. Roys -- The inquisition of seventeenth-century Peru. Portuguese judaizers in Peru / Henry C. Lea -- The inquisition in eighteenth-century Mexico. The Mexican Inquisition and the Enlightenment / Richard E. Greenleaf -- Science and Education. Scientific investigation of the new world in the sixteenth century. The scientific ideas of Jose de Acosta / Theodore Hornberger -- Selections from the Writings of the first Anthropologist in America and from Aztec Poetry -- Seventeenth-century figures. Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz: "The supreme poet of her time in Castilian" / Irving A. Leonard -- A great savant of colonial Peru: Don Pedro de Peralta / Irving A. Leonard -- Alonso de Sandoval, the first advocate of black studies in America / Norman Meiklejohn -- University life. Friar Francisco Naranjo competes for a professorship at the University of Mexico -- Brazil. An overview of science in colonial Brazil / Fernando de Azevedo -- The development of society. Women. Spanish women of the second generation in Peru / James Lockhart -- Dowries helped to reduce domestic instability, illegitimacy, and prostitution in Bahia / A.J. R. Russell-Wood -- Biographic sources for social history. Spaniards in the New World petition for jobs and money -- The men of Cajamarca / James Lockhart -- Economics, political, racial, and social tensions. Brazil. Civil war in the Brazilian mining camps / Manoel S. Cardozo -- Mexico. Negro slave control and resistance in Colonial Mexico / David M. Davidson -- Why were Creoles unable to compete with Spanish immigrants? / D.A. Brading -- Peru. Tensions between Spanish- and Spanish-American-born friars in seventeenth-century Peru / Antonine Tibesar -- Social climbers: changing patterns of mobility among the Indians of Colonial Peru / Karen Spalding -- Crisis and climax in the eighteenth century. Mexico. The reorganization of the Army / Lyle N. McAlister -- Problems and progress in Mexico / Alexander von Humboldt -- Peru. The expulsion of the Jesuits from the Mojos missions in Upper Peru / Gabriel Rene-Moreno -- The failure at the Huancavelica Mercury Mine / Arthur P. Whitaker -- Modern interpretations. "The pre-eminent social legacy of colonialism was the degradation of the labor force, Indian and Negro, everywhere in Latin America" / Stanley J. and Barbara ah. Stein -- The three centuries of Spanish rule in America should not be characterized as a "tyranny" or as "oppressive" / Philip W. Powell -- The fall of the Spanish-American empire / R.A. Humphreys.

v. 2. The modern age. Did a revolution occur in Latin America between 1810 and 1830? General impressions. Only the beginnings of a basic transformation took place / Charles C. Griffin -- Contemporary descriptions of conditions. Reports by British and United States officials. Caesar A. Rodney on Argentina (1818) ; Charles Milner Ricketts on Peru (1826) ; Joel Roberts Poinsett on Mexico (1829) -- Modern interpretations. Racial aspects of the revolutionary wars have no been studies enough / Magnus M orner -- The great landed estates remained / R.A. Humphreys -- Brazil. The Portuguese court moves to Brazil, 1808 / Alan K. Manchester -- Brazil declares its independence, 1822 / C.H. Haring -- Argentine contrasts: the Dictator Rosas, and the educator Sarmiento. Contemporary attitudes. The human background of dictatorship, the Gaucho / Domingo Faustino Sarmiento -- What the French thought of Rosas / William Spence Robertson -- An Argentine writer condemns Rosas in the slaughter house / Esteban Echeverria -- Recent interpretations. Rosas continued the authoritarian colonial tradition / Jos e Luis Romero -- Rosas assured the continued prosperity of the pastoral industries / Miron Burgin -- Rosas still lives in the hearts of some Argentines! -- The other face of Argentina: Domingo Faustino Sarmiento. An Argentine educator who developed his modern ideas during the Rosas Period and who outlasted the dictatorship / Harold Benjamin -- Nineteenth-century economic affairs. General views. Latin America and the world economy, 1850-1914 / Sanford A. Mosk -- Brazil. Emperor Pedro II gave the banker Baron Maua a hard time / Anyda Marchant -- Brazilian entrepreneurs adopt the British habit of work / Richard Graham -- Brazilian textile workers / Stanley J. Stein -- Colombia. There was no lack of individual enterprise among the Colombian upper class / Frank Safford -- Mexico. The condition of the poor in Mexico, 1834 / N. Ray Gilmore -- Lucas Alaman: Mexican conservative and economic entrepreneur / Charles A. Hale -- Paraguay. Edward A. Hopkins: a pioneer promoter in Paraguay / Harold F. Peterson -- Peru. Henry Meiggs, Yankee railroad builder / J. Fred Rippy -- Negro slavery in Brazil. How foreigners viewed Negro slavery. Slaves in Brazil have more tolerable lives than those in other countries / Henry Koster -- "A horrid traffic": life on a slave ship / Robert Walsh -- A British consular report on slavery in Northern Brazil / Robert Hesketh -- Slavery is doomed in Brazil / D. P. Kidder and J. C. Fletcher -- Slavery is a curse for both Negroes and whites / Herbert H. Smith -- Analysis by a historian. Patterns of living on the Vassouras Plantation / Stanley J. Stein -- Why slavery was abolished. Causes for the abolition of slavery in Brazil / Richard Graham -- Recent interpretations of the role of the Negroes in Brazil. The Brazilian dilemma / Carl N. Degler -- The social history of nineteenth-century Latin America. Argentina. The life of the immigrant wheat growers on the pampa / James R. Scobie -- Brazil. The majority of the Brazilians in the 1850s were living in the middle ages / Gilberto Freyre -- Mexico. Life in Mexico in the 1840s as seen by a Scottish lady / Fanny Calderon -- Porfirio Diaz: Dictator of Mexico. Contemporary interpretations. President Diaz: hero of the Americas / James Creelman -- The Diaz system / John Kenneth Turner -- Contemporary documents. Mexico needs foreign capital (1897) ; Trinidad Sanchez Santos, a catholic conference discusses Agrarian problems (1904) ; Program of the Liberal Party (1906) ; "El Imparcial," Mexican workers, do not go to the United States! (1910) -- Later views. The Diaz Regime was unconcerned with the needs of the masses and ignorant of their potential power / Charles C. Cumberland -- The Porfiriato: legend and reality / Daniel Cosio Villegas -- Imperialism, intervention, and communism in the Caribbean. General views. The United States is honor bound to maintain law and order in South America / George W. Crichfield -- United States policy was not inspired by sinister or sordid motives / Dana G. Munro -- Democracy versus stability: the lesson of Castro seems to have not been learned by the United States / Jerome Slater -- The Castro revolution in Cuba. The Castro revolution was the culmination of a long series of thwarted revolutions / Hugh Thomas -- "It was an effort to create Utopia" / Lowry Nelson -- Before and after the United States intervention in the Dominican Republic. United States relations with the Dominican Republic, indeed with the Caribbean generally, are a tale of mutual frustrations / Abraham F. Lowenthal -- The Dominican Revolution in perspective / Howard J. Wiarda -- The age of Get ulio Vargas in Brazil (1930-1954) and the coming of the military regime. The early years. Vargas faced many serious problems when he seized power in 1930 / Horace B. Davis -- Brazil made tremendous advances under Vargas / Karl Loewenstein -- The return of Vargas. Crisis and corruption during the later years of Vargas / Jose Maria Bello -- Suicide note / Getulio Vargas -- The future of Brazil. "Brazil" / Ronald de Carvalho -- Whether Brazil succeeds in her quest for power or not, the passage will not be smooth / Frances M. Foland -- Twentieth-century revolutionary changes. Mexico. The Mexican Revolution was no Revolution for women / Anna Macias -- How to measure the Mexican Revolution / James W. Wilkie -- "Continuity rather than change will be the hallmark of Mexican politics as well as of economic development during the 1970s" / Roger D. Hansen -- Argentian. Juan Domingo Peron expounds his doctrine and Evita Peron gives her views on what place women should occupy in the world -- "The Revolution that failed: the regime of Peron / H.S. Ferns -- Women: the forgotten half of Argentine history / Nancy Caro Hollander -- Why the Argentine military since 1945 have had confidence in their ability to handle national problems / Robert A. Potash -- The past behind the present in Argentina / George Pendle -- Bolivia. An eyewitness account of the 1952 Revolution in Bolivia / Carter Goodrich -- The fundamental framework of national political life in Bolivia has changed / Herbert S. Klein -- The Revolution didn't change everything for the Bolivian Indians / Dwight B. Heath -- Chile and Peru. The background for reform in Chile / Fredrick B. Pike -- Both Presidents Velasco of Peru and Allende of Chile have sought nonviolent economic revolution / John Strasma -- Some provocative generalizations. Attitudes and ideas. Ode to Roosevelt / Ruben Dario -- Did the United States represent the materialistic Caliban, and Latin America the idealistic Ariel? / Jose Enrique Rodo -- "Brazil's greatest book": Rebellion in the Backlands by Euclydes da Cunha -- Classes. "The upper classes, white, privileged, competent; the middle class is not in the middle" / Vernon Lee Fluharty -- Master and man / George McCutchen McBride -- The rural and urban masses. The submerged rural class in tropical areas / Raymond E. Crist -- The Brazilian Favela dweller is plagued by all the ills of the poor, but still has hope / Frank Bonilla -- The military. The Latin American military have long been professionalized and modernized / Frederick M. Nunn -- The prevalence of Graft. How money was allotted to the faithful in the "revolutionary family" in Mexico / James W. Wilkie -- Population. Portents for politics in Latin American population expansion / Richard Lee Clinton -- Religion. The new Catholicism is cautiously progressive / Frederick C. Turner -- United States policy. What should be United States policy toward Latin America? / Karl M. Schmitt.

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